Dear OpenStack Community, I am currently working on a case study as part of my software engineering course, where I aim to examine the cost efficiency of OpenStack as a private infrastructure solution in comparison to public cloud services such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure. My goal is to determine whether OpenStack can be more cost-effective in the long term, particularly for organizations that rely heavily on sustained workloads. In my initial research, I encountered challenges finding scientific studies or published articles that provide a clear, data-driven comparison between the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of OpenStack and that of leading public cloud providers. During a recent discussion with my professor, they emphasized the importance of using concrete, peer-reviewed sources and precise financial comparisons to validate claims about cost savings or trade-offs between owning physical resources and cloud-based infrastructure. I would appreciate it if anyone could point me to peer-reviewed research, published case studies, or white papers that analyze OpenStack’s TCO, especially in comparison to major public cloud providers. Insights on maintenance and operational costs for OpenStack in practical, high-utilization scenarios would be particularly helpful. Thank you in advance for any assistance or direction on reliable resources. I look forward to contributing to this ongoing discussion and hopefully sharing insights from my findings with the community. Best regards, Tarik HAMMOUMI (https://itstarik.tech)