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 Place Services on Physical Hosts

Like other OpenStack services, Quantum provides cloud administrators with significant flexibility in deciding which individual services should run on which physical devices.  One one extreme, all services including Nova, Quantum, Keystone, and so on can be run on a single physical host for evaluation purposes.  On the other, each service could have its own physical hosts, and some cases be replicated across multiple hosts for redundancy. See ??? 

In this guide, we focus primarily on a standard architecture that includes a “cloud controller” host, a “network gateway” host, and a set of hypervisors for running VMs.  The "cloud controller" and "network gateway" can be combined in simple deployments, though if you expect VMs to send significant amounts of traffic to or from the Internet, a dedicated network gateway host is suggested to avoid potential CPU contention between packet forwarding performed by the quantum-l3-agent and other OpenStack services.



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